Core Java

Module 1: Introduction to Java

• Setting Up Java Environment (JDK 21)
• Java Editions Overview (SE, EE, ME)
• Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Architecture
• Java Development Kit (JDK) vs Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
• Java Evolution Timeline
• Key Features of Modern Java
• Java Program Lifecycle: Write → Compile → Run

Module 2: Language Fundamentals

• Java Source File Structure
• Compilation and Execution Process
• Lexical Tokens, Identifiers, Literals, Keywords
• Comments and Documentation Comments
• Variable Scope, Lifetime, and Shadowing

Module 3: Data Types and Operators

• Primitive Data Types
• Reference Data Types
• Type Casting and Type Promotion Rules
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Increment and Decrement Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Ternary Operator
• instanceof Operator (with Pattern Matching enhancement)

Module 4: Control Flow Statements

• if...else, Nested if
• switch (Classic and Enhanced Switch)
• while, do...while, for, for-each loop
• break, continue, return
• Accepting input using Scanner
• Formatted Output using System.out.printf()
• Reading data using Console and BufferedReader

Module 5: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

• Class and Objects
• Constructors and Initialization Blocks
• Method Overloading and Recursion
• Access Modifiers and Encapsulation
• Abstract Classes and Interfaces
• Static Members and Initialization
• Final Keyword Usage
• "this" and "super" Keyword
• Object Cloning (Deep vs Shallow Copy)
• Generic Classes and Methods
• Records for Data-Only Classes (Java 16)

Module 6: Inheritance and Polymorphism

• Types of Inheritance
• Overriding Methods
• super and super()
• Dynamic Method Dispatch
• Abstract Classes and Interfaces
• Introduction to Sealed Classes and Hierarchies (Java 17)

Module 7: Packages and Modules

• Creating and Using Packages
• CLASSPATH Management
• Creating JAR Files
• Introduction to Java 9 Modules (Project Jigsaw)
• Module Declaration and Usage (module-info.java)

Module 8: Exception Handling

• Understanding Exceptions and Errors
• Types of Exceptions (Checked vs Unchecked)
• try, catch, finally, throw, throws
• Multi-catch Block and try-with-resources
• Creating Custom Exceptions
• Best Practices in Exception Handling

Module 9: Arrays and Strings

• Arrays (One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional)
• Enhanced for-each loop
• Common Operations on Arrays
• String Class and Important Methods
• StringBuffer and StringBuilder
• Immutability of Strings
• Text Blocks for Multi-line Strings (Java 15)
• Tokenizing Strings with StringTokenizer and Split Methods

Module 10: Functional Programming in Java

• Introduction to Functional Programming
• Functional Interfaces (Predicate, Function, Consumer, Supplier)
• Lambda Expressions
• Method and Constructor References
• Stream API
• Collectors and Parallel Streams
• Optional Class to Avoid NullPointerException

Module 11: Multithreading and Concurrency

• Introduction to Threads
• Thread Lifecycle and States
• Creating Threads: Extending Thread vs Implementing Runnable
• Synchronization and Locks
• wait(), notify(), notifyAll()
• Executor Framework (java.util.concurrent package)
• Introduction to Virtual Threads (Project Loom - Java 21)

Module 12: Collections Framework (java.util package)

• Collection Hierarchy
• List, Set, Queue, Deque
• Map, HashMap, LinkedHashMap, TreeMap
• HashSet, LinkedHashSet, TreeSet
• ArrayList vs Vector
• Iterator and ListIterator
• Concurrent Collections Overview

Module 13: Input/Output Operations (java.io and java.nio package)

• Byte Streams and Character Streams
• File Handling using FileReader and FileWriter
• Buffered Streams
• Serialization and Deserialization
• Java NIO (Non-blocking I/O) Overview
• Channels and Buffers

Module 14: Networking in Java

• Networking Basics: IP, Port, Protocols
• Socket Programming: Client and Server
• URL and HttpURLConnection Classes
• Introduction to HTTP Client API (Java 11)

Module 15: GUI Programming (Optional / Basic Overview)

• AWT and Event Handling
• Swing Components Overview (JFrame, JButton, JTextField, etc.)
• Layout Managers
• Introduction to JavaFX (Modern GUI Framework)